New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

What is indicated by Cushing's triad?

1. High blood pressure and irregular pulse

2. Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and irregular respirations

3. Decreased blood pressure and increased respiratory rate

4. Stable vital signs in trauma patients

The correct answer is: Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and irregular respirations

Cushing's triad is a clinical syndrome observed in patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), often due to conditions such as traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic stroke, or brain tumor. It is characterized specifically by three key components: increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and irregular or abnormal respirations. The increase in blood pressure signifies a compensatory mechanism where the body attempts to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion despite rising ICP. Alongside this, the decrease in heart rate, known as bradycardia, can occur as a result of increased pressure on the brain stem, which is responsible for regulating heart rate. Finally, the irregular respirations, which may include periods of abnormal patterns such as Cheyne-Stokes respiration or ataxic breathing, result from disruption in the brain's respiratory centers due to pressure effects. Understanding Cushing's triad is crucial for EMTs and other healthcare providers, as recognition of these signs can indicate a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical intervention.