New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

What happens during the process of respiration?

1. Movement of air into the lungs

2. Gas exchange of O2 and CO2

3. Inflation of the trachea

4. Ventilation of the diaphragm

The correct answer is: Gas exchange of O2 and CO2

During the process of respiration, gas exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. This crucial exchange takes place as oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses out into the alveoli to be exhaled. This exchange is vital to sustaining cellular respiration and maintaining the body's acid-base balance. While the movement of air into the lungs is a part of the respiratory process, it is specifically referred to as ventilation. The inflation of the trachea is not a correct terminology since the trachea is always open to allow airflow. Additionally, ventilation involving the diaphragm refers to the physical act of inhalation and exhalation rather than the actual gas exchange happening. Therefore, the focus on gas exchange highlights the essential function of respiration in the respiratory system and distinguishes it from other respiratory processes like ventilation.