New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

What are signs of hyperglycemia?

1. Rapid heart rate and excessive sweating

2. Fatigue and excessive thirst

3. Pale, clammy skin and confusion

4. Shaking and dizziness

The correct answer is: Fatigue and excessive thirst

Hyperglycemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood, often presents with specific signs and symptoms. Fatigue and excessive thirst are two primary indicators of hyperglycemia. Fatigue occurs because the body's cells are unable to utilize glucose effectively due to a lack of insulin or insulin resistance, resulting in insufficient energy production. This can lead to feelings of weakness and tiredness. Excessive thirst, or polydipsia, happens as the body attempts to compensate for the high levels of glucose in the blood. The kidneys work to filter out the excess glucose, leading to increased urination (polyuria), which in turn causes dehydration and triggers the sensation of thirst. These two symptoms, when present together, are significant flags for hyperglycemia and should prompt further evaluation and intervention. The other choices describe symptoms associated with different conditions; for instance, rapid heart rate and excessive sweating are more indicative of hypoglycemia, while pale, clammy skin and confusion can occur during various emergencies including shock. Shaking and dizziness generally relate to low blood sugar levels rather than high. Together, understanding these signs helps in recognizing the distinction between hyperglycemia and other metabolic or medical emergencies.